Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis
#Etiology
Caused by different pathogenic sereotypes/Serovars of Salmonella enterica typhimurium.
■ Cattle: S. typhimurium, S. dublin , S. newport
■ Sheep and Goat :S. typhimurium,S. anatum, S.newport
■ Horses:S. typhimurium, S. newpost, S. agona, S. newport
 Epidemiology 
All humans , birds and animals are affected.
Occurs worldwide in any season
#Transmission
● Fecal-Oral route
● Air transmission
● Food borne (secreted in milk)
Morbidity 50%
Mortality 0-14% in cattle and 60% in horses
# Clinical findings
May cause septicaemia, acute enteritis, chronic enteritis
#Acute enteritis
☆ Dehydration ☆ anorexia
☆ Dysentery ☆ abdominal pain
☆ dehydration
#Chronic enteritis
☆ Inappetence, ☆ unthriftiness,
☆ decrease weight gain
#Septicaemia
☆ Fever followed by hypothermia
☆ Weakness, ☆ Recumbency,
☆ decrease BP, ☆ shock signs,
☆ Nervous Signs,
#Diagnosis
● On basis of clinical findings
● Laboratory examination include
☆ fecal culture, ☆ milk culture,
☆ blood culture, ☆ ELISA and ☆ PCR
#Treatment
● Antimicrobials like
☆ potentiated Sulphonamide
☆ Ampicillin ☆ Amoxicillin
☆ Enrofloxacin
● Fluid theraphy
● NSAIDs
#Prevention/Control
● vaccination partially effective
● Hygienic conditions in farm/Shed
● House should be exposed to direct sunlight
● Dry conditions in farm/Shed
● Isolation of sick animals
● Avoid stess